Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents designed to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical or chemical process that kills all types of life. Disinfectants are different from other antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body, and antiseptics, which destroy microorganisms on living tissue. Disinfectants are also different from biocides — the latter are intended to destroy all forms of life, not just microorganisms. Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with their metabolism. 

Sanitizers are substances that simultaneously clean and disinfect. Disinfectants kill more germs than sanitizers. Disinfectants are frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens, and bathrooms to kill infectious organisms.

Disinfectants are used to rapidly kill bacteria. They kill off the bacteria by causing the proteins to become damaged and outer layers of the bacteria cell to rupture. The DNA material subsequently leaks out.

CLEANING:  Process that removes germs, dirt, and impurities from surfaces or objects. This process does not necessarily kill germs, but by removing them it lowers their numbers and the risk of spreading infection.

DISINFECTING: Kills germs on surfaces. Disinfecting works by using chemicals to kills germs on surfaces or objects. This process does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces, but by killing germs it can lower the spread risk.

SANITIZING:  Lowers the number of germs on surfaces to a safe level as judged by public health standards.

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